/*
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* Copyright 2016 Red Hat, Inc. and/or its affiliates
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* and other contributors as indicated by the @author tags.
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*
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* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
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* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
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* You may obtain a copy of the License at
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*
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* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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*
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* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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* limitations under the License.
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*/
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package org.keycloak.protocol.cas.utils;
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import java.net.URI;
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import java.util.Arrays;
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import java.util.Collection;
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import java.util.HashSet;
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import java.util.Locale;
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import java.util.Set;
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import java.util.TreeSet;
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import java.util.regex.Pattern;
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import org.keycloak.common.util.KeycloakUriBuilder;
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import org.keycloak.common.util.MultivaluedHashMap;
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import org.keycloak.common.util.UriUtils;
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import org.keycloak.models.ClientModel;
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import org.keycloak.models.Constants;
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import org.keycloak.models.KeycloakSession;
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import org.keycloak.models.KeycloakUriInfo;
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import org.keycloak.models.RealmModel;
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import org.keycloak.protocol.cas.CASLoginProtocol;
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import org.keycloak.services.Urls;
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import org.keycloak.services.util.ResolveRelative;
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import org.jboss.logging.Logger;
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/**
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* @author <a href="mailto:sthorger@redhat.com">Stian Thorgersen</a>
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*/
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public class RedirectUtils {
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public static final Set<String> LOOPBACK_INTERFACES = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList("localhost", "127.0.0.1", "[::1]"));
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private static final Set<String> FORBIDDEN_OIDC_PARAMS = Set.of(
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CASLoginProtocol.SAMLART_RESPONSE_PARAM.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT),
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CASLoginProtocol.TICKET_RESPONSE_PARAM.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT)
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);
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private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(RedirectUtils.class);
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public static String verifyRedirectUri(KeycloakSession session, String redirectUri, ClientModel client) {
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return verifyRedirectUri(session, redirectUri, client, true);
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}
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public static String verifyRedirectUri(KeycloakSession session, String redirectUri, ClientModel client, boolean requireRedirectUri) {
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if (client != null)
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return verifyRedirectUri(session, client.getRootUrl(), redirectUri, client.getRedirectUris(), requireRedirectUri);
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return null;
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}
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public static Set<String> resolveValidRedirects(KeycloakSession session, String rootUrl, Set<String> validRedirects) {
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// If the valid redirect URI is relative (no scheme, host, port) then use the request's scheme, host, and port
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// the set is ordered by length to get the longest match first
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Set<String> resolveValidRedirects = new TreeSet<>((String s1, String s2) -> s1.length() == s2.length()? s1.compareTo(s2) : s1.length() < s2.length()? 1 : -1);
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for (String validRedirect : validRedirects) {
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if (validRedirect.startsWith("/")) {
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validRedirect = relativeToAbsoluteURI(session, rootUrl, validRedirect);
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logger.debugv("replacing relative valid redirect with: {0}", validRedirect);
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}
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resolveValidRedirects.add(validRedirect);
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}
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return resolveValidRedirects;
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}
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public static String verifyRedirectUri(KeycloakSession session, String rootUrl, String redirectUri, Set<String> validRedirects, boolean requireRedirectUri) {
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KeycloakUriInfo uriInfo = session.getContext().getUri();
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RealmModel realm = session.getContext().getRealm();
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if (redirectUri == null) {
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if (!requireRedirectUri) {
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redirectUri = getSingleValidRedirectUri(validRedirects);
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}
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if (redirectUri == null) {
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logger.debug("No Redirect URI parameter specified");
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return null;
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}
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} else if (validRedirects.isEmpty()) {
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logger.debug("No Redirect URIs supplied");
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redirectUri = null;
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} else {
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URI originalRedirect = toUri(redirectUri);
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if (originalRedirect == null) {
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// invalid URI passed as redirectUri
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return null;
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}
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// Check for HTTP Parameter Pollution - forbidden OIDC response parameters in redirect URI
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if (containsForbiddenOidcParameters(originalRedirect)){
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return null;
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}
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// check if the passed URI allows wildcards
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boolean allowWildcards = areWildcardsAllowed(originalRedirect);
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String r = redirectUri;
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Set<String> resolveValidRedirects = resolveValidRedirects(session, rootUrl, validRedirects);
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String valid = matchesRedirects(resolveValidRedirects, r, allowWildcards);
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if (valid == null && "http".equals(originalRedirect.getScheme()) && LOOPBACK_INTERFACES.contains(originalRedirect.getHost())) {
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String redirectWithDefaultPort = KeycloakUriBuilder.fromUri(originalRedirect).port(80).buildAsString();
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valid = matchesRedirects(resolveValidRedirects, redirectWithDefaultPort, allowWildcards);
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}
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if (valid != null && !originalRedirect.isAbsolute()) {
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// return absolute if the original URI is relative
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if (!redirectUri.startsWith("/")) {
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redirectUri = "/" + redirectUri;
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}
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redirectUri = relativeToAbsoluteURI(session, rootUrl, redirectUri);
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}
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String scheme = originalRedirect.getScheme();
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if (valid != null && scheme != null) {
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// check the scheme is valid, it should be http(s) or explicitly allowed by the validation
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if (!valid.startsWith(scheme + ":") && !"http".equalsIgnoreCase(scheme) && !"https".equalsIgnoreCase(scheme)) {
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logger.debugf("Invalid URI because scheme is not allowed: %s", redirectUri);
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valid = null;
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}
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}
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redirectUri = valid != null ? redirectUri : null;
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}
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if (Constants.INSTALLED_APP_URN.equals(redirectUri)) {
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return Urls.realmInstalledAppUrnCallback(uriInfo.getBaseUri(), realm.getName()).toString();
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} else {
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return redirectUri;
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}
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}
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private static boolean containsForbiddenOidcParameters(URI originalRedirect) {
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String query = originalRedirect.getRawQuery();
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if (query != null && !query.isEmpty()) {
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MultivaluedHashMap<String, String> params =UriUtils.decodeQueryString(query);
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for (String paramName : params.keySet()) {
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if (FORBIDDEN_OIDC_PARAMS.contains(paramName.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT))) {
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logger.warnf("Redirect URI rejected: contains forbidden OIDC parameter '%s' in query string: scheme=%s, host=%s, path=%s",
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paramName,
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originalRedirect.getScheme(),
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originalRedirect.getHost(),
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originalRedirect.getPath());
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return true;
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}
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}
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}
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return false;
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}
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private static URI toUri(String redirectUri) {
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URI uri = null;
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if (redirectUri != null) {
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try {
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uri = URI.create(redirectUri);
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} catch (IllegalArgumentException cause) {
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logger.debugf(cause, "Invalid redirect uri %s", redirectUri);
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} catch (Exception cause) {
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logger.debugf(cause, "Unexpected error when parsing redirect uri %s", redirectUri);
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}
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}
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return uri;
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}
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// any access to parent folder /../ is unsafe with or without encoding
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// <sep> = / | %2F | %5C | \
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// <dots> = "..", including %2E and %252E (double-encoded) variants
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// <terminator> = / | %2F | %5C | \ | ; | %3B | %09 | %0A | %0D | %00 | end-of-input
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private final static Pattern UNSAFE_PATH_PATTERN = Pattern.compile(
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"(/|%2[fF]|%5[cC]|\\\\)(%2[eE]|%252[eE]|\\.){2}(/|%2[fF]|%5[cC]|\\\\|;|%3[bB]|%09|%0[aAdD]|%00|$)");
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private static boolean areWildcardsAllowed(URI redirectUri) {
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// wildcars are only allowed if no user-info and no unparsed authority and no unsafe pattern in path
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return redirectUri.getRawUserInfo() == null
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&& !(redirectUri.getRawAuthority() != null && redirectUri.getRawUserInfo() == null && redirectUri.getHost() == null && redirectUri.getPort() == -1)
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&& (redirectUri.getRawPath() == null || !UNSAFE_PATH_PATTERN.matcher(redirectUri.getRawPath()).find());
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}
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private static String relativeToAbsoluteURI(KeycloakSession session, String rootUrl, String relative) {
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if (rootUrl != null) {
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rootUrl = ResolveRelative.resolveRootUrl(session, rootUrl);
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}
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if (rootUrl == null || rootUrl.isEmpty()) {
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rootUrl = UriUtils.getOrigin(session.getContext().getUri().getBaseUri());
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}
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StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
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sb.append(rootUrl);
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sb.append(relative);
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return sb.toString();
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}
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// return the String that matched the redirect or null if not matched
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private static String matchesRedirects(Set<String> validRedirects, String redirect, boolean allowWildcards) {
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logger.tracef("matchesRedirects: redirect URL to check: %s, allow wildcards: %b, Configured valid redirect URLs: %s", redirect, allowWildcards, validRedirects);
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for (String validRedirect : validRedirects) {
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if ("*".equals(validRedirect)) {
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// the valid redirect * is a full wildcard for http(s) even if the redirect URI does not allow wildcards
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return validRedirect;
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} else {
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String validRedirectWildcard = allowWildcards ? checkValidRedirectWildcard(validRedirect) : null;
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if (validRedirectWildcard != null) {
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// strip off the query or fragment components - we don't check them when wildcards are effective
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int idx = redirect.indexOf('?');
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if (idx == -1) {
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idx = redirect.indexOf('#');
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}
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String r = idx == -1 ? redirect : redirect.substring(0, idx);
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// strip off *
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int length = validRedirectWildcard.length() - 1;
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validRedirectWildcard = validRedirectWildcard.substring(0, length);
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if (r.startsWith(validRedirectWildcard)) {
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return validRedirectWildcard;
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}
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// strip off trailing '/'
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if (length - 1 > 0 && validRedirectWildcard.charAt(length - 1) == '/') {
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length--;
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}
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validRedirectWildcard = validRedirectWildcard.substring(0, length);
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if (validRedirectWildcard.equals(r)) {
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return validRedirectWildcard;
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}
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} else if (validRedirect.equals(redirect)) {
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return validRedirect;
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}
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}
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}
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return null;
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}
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private static String checkValidRedirectWildcard(String validRedirect) {
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if (!validRedirect.endsWith("*") || validRedirect.contains("?") || validRedirect.contains("#")) {
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return null; // no wildcard as before
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}
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KeycloakUriBuilder uriBuilder = KeycloakUriBuilder.fromUri(validRedirect, false);
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if (uriBuilder.getPath() != null) {
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return validRedirect; // wildcard valid on path
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}
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if (uriBuilder.getAuthority() != null) {
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if (uriBuilder.getAuthority().equals("*") || uriBuilder.getAuthority().endsWith(":*")) {
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return validRedirect; // on authority just full wildcard or on port
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} else {
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// treat the wildcard after the authority
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validRedirect = validRedirect.substring(0, validRedirect.length() - 1);
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validRedirect = validRedirect + "/*";
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return validRedirect;
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}
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}
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if (uriBuilder.getSsp() != null) {
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return validRedirect; // wildcard valid on SSP
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}
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return null;
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}
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private static String getSingleValidRedirectUri(Collection<String> validRedirects) {
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if (validRedirects.size() != 1) return null;
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String validRedirect = validRedirects.iterator().next();
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return validateRedirectUriWildcard(validRedirect);
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}
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public static String validateRedirectUriWildcard(String redirectUri) {
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if (redirectUri == null)
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return null;
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int idx = redirectUri.indexOf("/*");
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if (idx > -1) {
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redirectUri = redirectUri.substring(0, idx);
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}
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return redirectUri;
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}
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}
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